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Product Information
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April 30, 2013
An amplifier, in simplest terms, is an electronic device that magnifies an input signal. However, the way an amplifier is designed to handle noise and bandwidth limitations greatly affects the quality and sustainability of the final output signal.
Defining Terms
To knowledgeably discuss amplifiers, let’s define a few terms.
- Gain – The gain is the multiplier defining how much the amplitude of an input signal is increased. A signal with an X1 gain is not amplified. An X10 gain produces an output signal ten times greater than the input signal.
- Noise – Any unwanted signal fluctuations are called noise. While noise can also result from external sources, for the purpose of this discussion, we are primarily concerned with the noise resulting from the inner workings of the electronic device, our amplifier. This intrinsic noise is called shot (or schott) noise.
- Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) – The ratio of the output signal...more
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April 30, 2013
Use the table below to compare WPI and Bovie part numbers.
Order code Bovie P/N Description 500384 AB03 Micro Bur Handle, 1225 rpm 500385 AB04 Micro Burr Handle, 1225 rpm -
April 30, 2013
Two-barrel, 3-barrel, 5-barrel and 7-barrel glass capillaries are available at WPI.
Multi-barrel configurations are designed especially for microiontophoresis. Because the capillaries are fused together during manufacturing, you will not need to twist them while pulling to seal the tips together. An inner filament in each barrel makes filling easy and fast.
Multi-Barrel Borosilicate Glass Tubing with Filaments
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April 30, 2013
A New Generation of Fiber Optic Oxygen Sensors Based on Luminescence Lifetime
Oxygen measurement is simpler than ever. Just stick a disposable, oxygen-sensitive "spot" to the inside of a flask, beaker, test tube or bottle, and fill the container
with the solution to be tested. Then, on the outside of the glass container, hold the fiber optic wand close to the spot to take a reading. As the spot reacts with oxygen, it gives off light, which is measured with the fiber optic wand. This ingenious system is highly accurate and affordable. Two different units (which use the same operating principles are available: OXY-MINI and OXY-MICRO. The OXY-MINI system is optimized for process control and biotechnology applications...more
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April 30, 2013
- Flexible Teflon microprobes are used for implantation in tissue, in spectrophotometer cuvettes, rectally in neonatal mice, in water baths, PCR thermal cyclers, etc.
- Animal rectal temperatures during surgical procedures and pyrogen testing.
- Skin temperature measurement during exercise physiology studies.
When precise temperature measurements are required, WPI can provide you with a very accurate monitor and thermocouple microprobes. WPI monitors have both resolution and accuracy of 0.1°C in the 0-50°C range and are traceable to NIST standards, whereas, other competitive electronic thermometers have an accuracy that is usually to 0.5°C or worse. Furthermore, all our type T clinical probes are guaranteed accurate to 0.1°C, due to our stringent wire standards. These are five times more accurate than competitive probes made with regular “Special Limits” wire.
Probe Sterilization Methods:
The needle microprobes and animal rectal probes are...more
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April 30, 2013
You can use the PZMIV stereo microscope with a stereotaxic frame as shown in the image below. This setup shows a PZMIV-BS. The U-frame Base Plate (502045) is shown, but most stereotaxic frames can be used in this way. Choose a stereo microscope objective that allows you plenty of room to work. For example, the 0.5X objective has 187mm working distance, or the 0.32X objective has 296mm working distance. You could also add a Z-LITE-Z186 illuminator. If necessary, use a 5 to 10 lb.counter weight on the boom stand base to prevent the microscope from tipping.
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April 30, 2013
WPI offers a range of isolators and stimulators. Use the chart below to find the components that are compatible.
Isolators Features Input Output Compatible Stimulators DLS100 Biphasic, -
April 30, 2013
EVOM was the first instrument designed to perform routine Trans Epithelial Electrical Resistance (TEER) measurement in tissue culture research. EVOM2 is the next generation, redesigned for greater usability.The EVOM2 sports the following features:
- Rechargeable Battery - EVOM2 , which plugs into a standard wall outlet, comes with a NiMH 6V 200mAH rechargeable battery backup. The battery charges whenever the unit is plugged in. If the battery runs low, the EVOM2 automatically shuts down. Simply install the supplied power cord and plug it into the wall outlet. The battery will fully charge in 24 hours. Normal laboratory testing can continue while the EVOM2 recharges.
- Tilt...more
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April 29, 2013
Types
It is common for a researcher to attach a camera to a microscope. Three types of cameras are available, and two are suitable for microscopy work:
- Television (Direct video)
- 4:3 old style video, NTSC, PAL, 480i
- 16:9 HDTV (DVI 1.0 compliant), 720P
- Computer capture
- USB connection
- Firewire connection
- Commercial cameras
- Fixed lens cameras
- SLR cameras
First, determine what you want to do:...more
- Television (Direct video)
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April 29, 2013
Dri-Ref™ reference electrodes were developed by WPI to have extremely low electrolyte leakage properties, hence the name “Dri-Ref.” In addition to this key feature, these electrodes exhibit stable and reproducible potential and low resistance. Stored in KCl when not in use, they have a long life expectancy. Low leakage is achieved by using KONBO™, a product combining modern ceramic and conductive polymer technology, as the liquid junction. Electrode resistance is low, an important consideration when making low-noise measurements.
Although the internal filling solution contains KCI, the low fluid leakage means Dri-Ref may be used in combination with ion selective electrodes, including those for K+ and Cl-, without significant contamination from the reference electrode.
The Dri-Ref electrodes are chemically resistant to strong acids and alkalines. Dri-Ref electrodes are not suitable for use in organic solvents. In addition, the long, thin ...more
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April 29, 2013
WPI offers a wide spectrum of high-quality glass capillaries. We take pride in our ability to ship your glass order within 48 hours. If you need a special glass that does not appear in our catalog, please call us. We will make every effort to provide it for you.
Fire-Polished glass capillaries are easier to insert into microelectrode holders without damaging the gasket. More importantly, fire-polished glass won’t scratch the chloridized wire used in a recording electrode. Fire-polishing does not affect the glass’s mechanical or electrical properties.
Borosilicate glass capillaries: Close dimensional tolerances assure...more
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April 29, 2013
Download a PDF version of the Biosensor Specifications Sheet here.
WPI offers a range of biosensors for monitoring nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, oxygen and hydrogen sulfide. Specifications for these sensors are detailed below.
- The macrosensors are 2mm "wet" sensors. These sensors are installed in a metal "sleeve" that looks like a tiny soda straw.The sleeve has a gas permeable membrane at the tip, and it is filled with an electrolyte. When it is immersed in a solution, the gas in solution (for example, nitric oxide) diffuses through the membrane, and the sensor measures it.
- The microsensors are "dry" sensors. Most microsensors monitor nitric oxide, and there is also a hydrogen peroxide microsensor...more
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April 29, 2013
When it comes to setting up microinjection systems, the options appear endless. The pictures below give some broad suggestions on how you might set up your own system. Keep in mind that many parts are interchangeable depending on your needs or preferences.
In general, you will need a stereo microscope on a stand, a light source, one or two micromanipulators with stands, and one or two injection systems. The following images show various setups for microinjection, and all the WPI part numbers are included for easy reference.
Remember, when you set up your own system, choose the parts that fit your needs. For example:
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April 29, 2013
These instructions describe how to properly focus a binocular microscope.
- Turn on the lamp and adjust its intensity.
- Adjust the interpupilary distance so that the two circles of light merge into one.
- Place a sample on the stage.
- Select the 10X objective and look through the right eyepiece only.
- Use the coarse and fine focus control knobs to adjust the focus of the sample.
- When the sample is clearly visible, use only your left eye. Do NOT adjust the focus knobs. Instead, adjust the diopter on the left eyepiece until the sample comes clearly into view. The image should be clear with both eyes open.
- Choose the desired objective. You may need to adjust the fine focus a little.
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April 29, 2013
NOTE: For an introduction to microscopes, see Microscope Basics.
A variety of microscope objectives are available. All objectives use lenses to focus light. Light is broken down into various wavelengths (colors) as it travels through a lens. The various wavelengths have different focal points. That means that red, green and blue appears to focus at different points. This is called chromatic aberration. Spherical aberrations are...more