Automated Tissue Resistance Measuring System

The REMS AutoSampler automates measurements of electrical resistance of transepithelial, transendothelial or Caco-2 cell membranes being grown to confluence on microporous filters of high throughput screening (HTS) 24 and 96 well microplates. It is a PC-controlled, tissue resistance measurement system that offers reproducibility, accuracy, flexibility and ease-of-operation for this kind of measurement. Automated measurement of tissue resistance in cell culture microplates provides the important advantages of speed, precision, decreased opportunity for contamination and the instant availability of measured resistance data on a computer. These measurements are useful in applications such as drug bioavailability studies and studies on the mechanisms of drug transport.

Tecan chooses WPI's TEER technology We are pleased to announce our collaboration with Tecan Schweiz AG. The Cell Permeability workstation from Tecan includes WPI's automation compatible TEER station. The Cell Permeability workstation is used to assess various compounds ability to penetrate biological barriers (typically the intestine, skin, or Blood-Brain Barrier) by using in vitro cell culture model (such as Caco-2, MDCK, or microvessel endothelial cells) which is grown on a microporous membrane insert. Using WPI's TEER technology the growth of tissue cell cultures can be monitored in High Throughput Screening plates in vitro.

The main components of the REMS AutoSampler include: the robotic sampler that moves the electrode over each well of the microplate, the electrode which is located on the robotic arm, a base plate for the 24- and 96-well tray, a Windows-based data acquisition card, the REMS interface unit and the REMS software to operate the system on a Windows-based computer.

The REMS AutoSampler automates TEER measurements previously made with WPI’s EVOM Epithelial Voltohmmeter. Automated tissue resistance measurements up to 20 k ohm can be performed on 24- or 96-well HTS microplates. Microplates presently supported include the Corning Costar HTS Transwell-24, Falcon HTS Multiwell insert systems, and Millipore Multiscreen™ CaCo 96 well plate.

The REMS AutoSampler is designed to facilitate integration with other robotic systems. Special locating bars are installed on the REMS base platform that allow other system robots to place an HTS tray into a precise location on the REMS base.
The REMS AutoSampler will automatically measure and record tissue resistance from a user-specified matrix of culture wells on the microplate. According to the specified sequence, the robotic arm moves over the identified wells taking TEER measurements. By means of a x-y-z locating system, the electrode-containing arm is positioned precisely and reproducibly over each well. The ability of the REMS AutoSampler to reproducibly and precisely locate the electrode results in highly reproducible TEER measurements. TEER measurements are stored in the computer as the electrode moves from one well to the next. The Windows-based software provides user-friendly features to acquire, display and store the tissue resistance measurements.
The REMS electrode is very compact and robust in design. Each of two rod-shaped probes, 1.5 mm in diameter, consists of a pair of electrodes: one electrode for injecting current and the other for measuring the voltage. The use of two pairs of electrodes eliminates the error caused by the electrode-liquid interface. To take a measurement, the robot inserts one probe into the center of the filter well and the other into the opening slot of the 24- or 96-well plate. The use of AC current to measure resistance provides several advantages over DC current, including:
  • Absence of offset voltages on measurements;

  • There is a zero net current being passed through the membrane and therefore it is not adversely affected by a current charge;

  • No electrochemical deposition of electrode metal.

The REMS AutoSampler also features a rinse and calibration check station. If occasional rinsing of the REMS electrode is required it may be sent to a rinse station by pressing the rinse station button on the menu bar. The rinse station can also function as a calibration check station when fitted with a calibration cell containing a synthetic membrane (WPI’s optional CaliCell-HTSF). The use of this calibration cell, which mimics a confluent epithelial membrane’s resistance in fluid, provides a quick and effective test to determine when the REMS measurement system is fully initialized following start-up and to check its functionality during operation.
REMS AUTOSAMPLER SPECIFICATIONS
MEMBRANE RESISTANCE RANGE 0 to 2000 Ohms and 0 to 20 K Ohms
AC SQUARE WAVE CURRENT +/- 20 µA @ 12.5 Hz
ELECTRODE POSITIONING Resolution in X, Y and Z: +/- 1 mm
ELECTRODE PERFORMANCE Repeatability in X, Y and Z: +/- 0.25 mm
ELECTRODE ARM SPEED X- and Y-axis: 250 mm/sec Z-axis: 247.3 mm/sec
TYPICAL MEASUREMENT TIME
24-WELL
 1 min, 10 sec
SCAN PATTERN Choice of any well pattern sampling
LINE VOLTAGE User specified: 100/120 V or 220/240 V
DIMENSIONS 53.5 x 43.7 x 37.1 cm (213/32 x 173/16 x 145/8 in.)
WEIGHT 24 kg (52 lb)
REMS Automated Tissue Resistance Measuring System
Includes robot sampler, data acquisition board, base plate, Windows95-compatible software, and microplate for either Corning Costar HTS Transwell-24 or Falcon HTS Multiwell, or 96-well plate (millipore Multi-screen Calo) SPECIFY WHEN ORDERING.
ACCESSORIES
REMS-24 Replacement REMS STX Electrode for 24-well HTS plate
REMS-96 REMS-F Replacement Holder for Millipore™ 96-well plate
Contact WPI for detailed information.